[Android] BroadcastReceiver

BroadcastReceiver

설명

• 디바이스에서 특정 이벤트가 발생했을 때에 대한 처리를 백그라운드로 수행하는 것.
• 안드로이드 8.0 이상부터는 대상 애플리케이션이 실행중일 경우에만 암시적 인텐트를 사용 가능, 그 외에는 불가능
• ex) 배터리 부족 이벤트 발생시 알림 토스트 발생시키기

기본 코드

manifests/AndroidManifest.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<manifest xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    package="com.example.android_example">

    <application
        android:allowBackup="true"
        android:icon="@mipmap/ic_launcher"
        android:label="@string/app_name"
        android:roundIcon="@mipmap/ic_launcher_round"
        android:supportsRtl="true"
        android:theme="@style/Theme.Androidexample">

        <receiver
            android:name=".TestReceiver"
            android:enabled="true"
            android:exported="true" />

        <activity android:name=".MainActivity">
            <intent-filter>
                <!-- Entry Point -->
                <action android:name="android.intent.action.MAIN" />
                <category android:name="android.intent.category.LAUNCHER" />
            </intent-filter>
        </activity>
    </application>
</manifest>

TestReceiver

class TestReceiver : BroadcastReceiver() {
    override fun onReceive(context: Context, intent: Intent) {
        Toast.makeText(context, "리시버 동작", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show()
    }
}

MainActivity

class MainActivity : AppCompatActivity() {
    override fun onCreate(savedInstanceState: Bundle?) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState)
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_main)

        val button = findViewById<Button>(R.id.button)

        button.setOnClickListener {
            /*
            // 현재 애플리케이션의 BroadCastReceiver 실행
            val intent = Intent(this, TestReceiver::class.java)
            sendBroadcast(intent)
            */

            // 다른 애플리케이션의 BroadCastReceiver 실행
            val intent = Intent()
            intent.setClassName("com.example.android_example", "com.example.android_example.TestReceiver")
            sendBroadcast(intent)
        }
    }
}

Intent Filter 지정 코드

manifests/AndroidManifest.xml

<receiver
    android:name=".TestReceiver"
    android:enabled="true"
    android:exported="true">
    <intent-filter>
        <action android:name="com.test" />
    </intent-filter>
</receiver>

MainActivity

class MainActivity : AppCompatActivity() {
    override fun onCreate(savedInstanceState: Bundle?) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState)
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_main)

        val button = findViewById<Button>(R.id.button)

        button.setOnClickListener {
            // 다른 애플리케이션의 BroadCastReceiver 실행
            val intent = Intent("com.test")
            sendBroadcast(intent)
        }
    }
}

시스템 메시지 예제 코드

manifests/AndroidManifest.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<manifest xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    package="com.example.android_example">

    <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.RECEIVE_BOOT_COMPLETED" />
    <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.READ_PHONE_STATE" />
    <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.RECEIVE_SMS" />

    <application
        android:allowBackup="true"
        android:icon="@mipmap/ic_launcher"
        android:label="@string/app_name"
        android:roundIcon="@mipmap/ic_launcher_round"
        android:supportsRtl="true"
        android:theme="@style/Theme.Androidexample">
        <receiver
            android:name=".TestReceiver"
            android:enabled="true"
            android:exported="true">
            <intent-filter>
                <action android:name="android.intent.action.BOOT_COMPLETED" />
            </intent-filter>
            <intent-filter>
                <action android:name="android.provider.Telephony.SMS_RECEIVED" />
            </intent-filter>
        </receiver>

        <activity android:name=".MainActivity">
            <intent-filter>
                <!-- Entry Point -->
                <action android:name="android.intent.action.MAIN" />
                <category android:name="android.intent.category.LAUNCHER" />
            </intent-filter>
        </activity>
    </application>
</manifest>

TestReceiver

class TestReceiver : BroadcastReceiver() {
    override fun onReceive(context: Context, intent: Intent) {
        when (intent.action) {
            Intent.ACTION_BOOT_COMPLETED -> {
                Toast.makeText(context, "부팅 완료", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show()
            }
            Telephony.Sms.Intents.SMS_RECEIVED_ACTION -> {
                val bundle = intent.extras

                if (bundle != null) {
                    val obj = bundle.get("pdus") as Array<*>
                    val msg = arrayOfNulls<SmsMessage>(obj.size)

                    for (i in obj.indices) {
                        msg[i] = SmsMessage.createFromPdu(obj[i] as ByteArray)
                    }

                    for (i in msg.indices) {
                        val message = "${msg[i]?.originatingAddress} : ${msg[i]?.messageBody}"

                        Toast.makeText(context, message, Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show()
                    }
                }
            }
        }
    }
}

MainActivity

class MainActivity : AppCompatActivity() {
    private val permissionList = arrayOf(
        Manifest.permission.READ_PHONE_STATE,
        Manifest.permission.RECEIVE_SMS
    )

    override fun onCreate(savedInstanceState: Bundle?) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState)
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_main)

        checkPermission()
    }

    private fun checkPermission() {
        if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT < Build.VERSION_CODES.M) {
            return
        }

        for (permission : String in permissionList) {
            val check = checkCallingOrSelfPermission(permission)

            if (check == PackageManager.PERMISSION_DENIED) {
                requestPermissions(permissionList, 0)
                break
            }
        }
    }
}

참고

• https://youtu.be/Ek-KVnN5_hw
• https://youtu.be/hPlrvhY-cNs